A Blog for animation enthusiasts, animation hobbyists and animation students. It is published in Britain.

Issue 16 now in the magazine library section

Issue number 16 - Summer 1986

Ken Clark chats with John Coates
John Coates talks about the TVC animation studio and how it survived after the loss of its founder George Dunning.

Will the REAL Walt Disney…
Brian Sibley has been reading two biographies of Walt Disney; Leonard Mosley ‘s Real Walt Disney and Richard Schickel’s The Disney Version.

Walt Disney’s Pinocchio – Animation Masterwork
Brian Sibley gives a retrospective view of Pinocchio as the film goes on release once more.

Tony White’s Workbook
David Jefferson went to the Animus animation studio in London to meet Tony White, author of a book on animation techniques called The Animator’s Workbook.

Micro-computer rostrum control
Thoughts on micro-computer rostrum control and still being able to afford to eat by Mike Joyce.

D.I .Y. Rostrum – Part Three
The Filmcraft 80 Rostrum is suitable for 8mm cameras and light 16mm cameras. In the final part David Jefferson describes the construction of a glass platen.

The hard cel
A personal view of collecting original animation artwork from Stewart Selkirk.

The making of Life Cycle
If you have an idea for a film but never have the time to make it, Neil Carstairs can recommend a two year posting to a remote part of Scotland to get you started.


Animation by Preston Blair – learn how to cartoon

Preston Blair’s Animation was one of the first books that I added to my animation library many years ago. It is said by many industry professionals to be the best “how to” book on cartoon animation ever published. He went on to produce two more books and all three have been made available free on a website called freetoon.com.

In the introduction to the book Preston Blair said: “The art of animators is unique. Animators bring life to their drawings, creating an illusion of spirit and vigour. They caricature the gestures and expressions in the drawings, give them a fantastic array of character and personality, and make us believe that the drawings actually think and have feelings.”

He continued: “This book was written by an animator to help you learn how to animate-how to make a series of drawings that create a sensation of movement when viewed in sequence. The pioneers of the art of animation learned many lessons, most through trial and error, and it is this body of knowledge that has established the fundamentals of animation. This book will teach you these fundamentals.”

Here is a sample illustration from a page entitled The Dance Kick.

Page from the 1st edition

I was interested to learn that when Blair put the book together in 1947, he used the characters he had animated at Disney and MGM to illustrate the various basic principles of animation. Soon after publication the rights to use some of the characters were revoked. He redrew most of the MGM characters, replacing them with general characters of his own design for the next edition. The complete first edition can be downloaded free from the ASIFA website.

Preston Blair’s Animation 1st Edition Part One
Preston Blair’s Animation 1st Edition Part Two

There is a PDF version of Preston Blair’s Advanced Animation at the On Animation blog.


My 10 favourite blogs by professional animators

It is great to discover new animation blogs and if they are written by professionals in the animaton industry then that is a special treat. Much can be learned from the wisdom imparted by these talented bloggers. Sometimes even a casual remark can shed light on the creative process.

These are my favourites picked from my list of bookmarked websites. Rather than put them in order of merit I am going to give them in alphabetical order.

Angry animator. Written by Dermot O’ Connor who tells us he is “an itinerant animator, making a living through contract work”. He has worked in the animation industry for over 20 years, in features and TV.

Animation Blog. Written by Ian Lumsden, an animation teacher and deputy head of Performing Arts College, in the United Kingdom, it is billed as a critical guide to the animated short: classic, new, and on-line! Ian says he began the blog “to highlight art and suchlike that may be of interest for our animation students”.

Animation Tips & Tricks. This blog has numerous different guest writers from the world of professional animation. It is run by AnimationMentor.com as an add-on to their online animation school.

ASIFA-Hollywood Animation Archive. This is a treasure chest of illustrations, cartoons, history, instruction and much more. The blog is indexed under various headings but if you want to view it in date order look for the small “Archive of Past Posts” drop-down box part way down the right-hand column.

BJ and the Blog. BJ Crawford is a freelance animator in the Midwest of the USA. It is subtitled “a character animation blog” and is packed with contemporary illustrations and movie clips. There are also lot of links to other animators and illustrators.

Jamaal Bradley is a character animator in Los Angeles, California, USA. He blogs about his work in the animation studio and uses lots of his own sketches to illustrate the posts. Jamaal also runs the excellent Pencil Test Depot blog.

Your old men will dream dreams. Your young men will see visions. Joel Brinkerhoff is an animator from Oregon, USA, who also sculpts and paints. His blog has lots of illustrations from stuff he has worked on.

John K Stuff. John Kricfalusi is a cartoonist in LA, California, USA. He worked at Hanna Barbera studios in the 1980s as a layout supervisor. His blog is packed with illustrations and he analyses the cartoon films with great authority.

Michael Sporn Animation, Inc. Michael blogs about the art, animation, work and some of the thoughts of the artists working at his New York animation studio. He has produced and directed numerous animated TV specials and short spots.

The Cartoon Cave subtitled “The Blogsite That Time Forgot”. Blogger Pete Emslie is a freelance cartoonist and also teaches character design in the animation program at Sheridan College, Canada. His blog is packed with illustrations plus hint and tips on drawing. He says “I love to draw cute characters”.

If you have favourite that is not on my list please let us know in a comment to this post.


Five easy steps to become an expert animator

The good news is that you are already an expert at many things. You have mastered at least one language and have learned to read. By following the technique of learning by doing, you will become an expert animator over time.

The best thing of all is that learning how to animate is great fun. The first time I run a new animation sequence that I have created, I feel like I have performed a magic trick. Maybe it needs a bit more work and polish but the satisfaction is immense.

So what is the special formula that elevates someone to the position of expert in their field? The answer lies in five key stages in the learning process.

When people exhibit a special skill in a particular area such as music, drawing or sport we tend to assume they are naturally gifted. However, scientific research has shown that the differences between experts and less proficient individuals nearly always reflect attributes acquired by the experts during their lengthy training.

Researchers have settled on what they believe is the magic number for true expertise: ten thousand hours. Neurologist Daniel Levitin says “In study after study, of composers, basketball players, fiction writers, ice skaters, concert pianists, chess players, this number comes up again and again… It seems that it takes the brain this long to assimilate all that it needs to know to achieve true mastery… This is true even of people we think of as prodigies”.

The 10,000 hour theory is also supported by the fact that when I was a lad craft apprentices were usually indentured for five years (40 hours a week x 50 weeks x 5 years = 10,000 hours).

If 10,000 hours seems impossible look at it this way: it is equivalent to roughly three hours a day, or 20 hours a week, of practice over 10 years. Take it one step at a time and eventually you will reach you goal.

Author George Leonard identified five stages in learning in his book Mastery – The Keys To Success:

Key 1: Instruction. There is nothing better than being mentored by a master animator, either in the workplace or as a student. If this is not possible there are many books written by master animators. Also study sequences from the classic animation films, view them one frame at a time to see how it was done.

Key 2: Practice. The more you do something the easier it will become. Whatever you chosen medium, be it drawn, puppets or computer animation, put the knowledge you have gained from instruction into practice. Set yourself a specific goal, such as 10 second sequence, and work towards it. Once you have achieved this set yourself a harder goal.

Key 3: Surrender. Your early attempts at animation are bound to feel clumsy. Don’t let this put you off. Trust in your own ability and follow the guidance of your instructor (be it a mentor, a book or a film clip). Immerse yourself in your animation and keep going.

Key 4: Intentionality. You should bring willpower, attitude and imagination to the learning process. Keep focused and think ahead about what you want to achieve.

Key 5: The Edge. Almost without exception, those we know as masters are dedicated to the fundamentals of their calling. They are zealots of practice, connoisseurs of the small, incremental step. At the same time they are likely to challenge previous limits, to take risks for the sake of higher performance. But before you can play the edge there must be much instruction, practice, surrender, and intentionality.

Check out the following blog for more info on these key steps: The Five Keys to Mastery.


Pivot – a great tool for teaching children animation

Pivot stick figure animator is a great piece of free animation software that is ideal for introducing the principals of movement to children. When the software is first opened there is a stick figure in the centre of the frame. Each limb is jointed and can be moved by grabbing red spots with the mouse curser and dragging them. When you add a frame and move the figure a grey shadow is left in the old position in an onion skin effect. This allows you to judge how much to move the figure. Once two frames have been completed the animation can be played so you can check how you are doing as you go along. The frames also appear in a strip along the top of the work area.

The animation can be saved at any stage as a piv file and also as an animated gif file. Here is a 12 frame test animation that I made with the Pivot software.

The onion skin effect.

There is much more that you can do with Pivot. You can import any jpg or bmp image to act as a background. I created the background of the above animation in Photoshop using a few oval shapes and saved it as a bmp file. When it is imported it is added to all of the frames. If you don’t like the effect you can remove it and try a different background.

You can also design your own stick figures using a range of shapes. It is simply a matter of dragging each part into the work area. The four short animations that are included with the software give an idea of what is possible. They feature a man, a horse, an elephant and some dominos.

Pivot stick figure animator runs on a PC with Windows 98/2000/XP/2003/Vista/7.
It is a free download from the SnapFiles website.


Issue 15 now in the magazine library section

Ken Clark chats with Bob Godfrey
A good character animator should also be a good actor, and inside Bob Godfrey is a true thespian struggling to be seen and heard.

A He-Man leads the U.S.A. $yndication War$
Syndication is the red hot TV cartoon trend of the 1980s says George W. Woolery. He tells us how big dollars are made by the right packages.

Newfeld seek new toys
David Jefferson visits a toy manufacturer who is looking for an idea for an animated film they can back. A clever concept could make a fortune in royalties.

Disneyland – the greatest walk-thru cartoon ever drawn
Brian Sibley visited Disneyland in 1985, during its thirtieth year celebrations and discovered that the Magic Kingdom was created along the lines of a living animated film.

Cambridge Animation Festival 1985
Neil Carstairs and David Jefferson report on the films and discussions.

Animation stew from The Black Cauldron
Brian Sibley takes an objective view of Disney’s feature cartoon that was ten years in the making.

D.I.Y. Rostrum Part Two
The Filmcraft 80 Rostrum is suitable for 8mm cameras and light 16mm cameras. David Jefferson tells how to make the base.

Cameras might fly – Beowulf in Plasticine
David J.M. Coleman describes a way of adding visual interest to a Plasticine puppet film with camera movement.


Issue 14 now in the magazine library section

George Pal Puppetoons – the early years
Ken Clark pieces together a portrait of George Pal – in his ealy days – as seen through the eyes of a number of star witnesses.

Wolfgang Reitherman remembered
Brian Sibly recalls the veteran Disney animator, Wolfgang Reitherman, who worked on the 1934 Silly Symphony Funny Little Bunnies, and remained with the Disney studio for 48 years.

Annecy Animation Festival 1985
Then in its 25th year and with the prestige of being the birthplace of ASIFA which was also 25 years old, the Annecy Animation Festival had something to celebrate, wrote David Jefferson.

Early Animated Adverts programme at the NFT
Jane Henry and Charles Garvie review a National Film Theatre programme of animated commercials.

Computer animation at Lucasfilm
David Jefferson reports on a talk about the work of Lucasfilm’s Computer Division given by William Reeves and John Lasseter at the 1985 Annecy Festival.

Inbetweening by home computer
The general principles of inbetweening are given in a programme that can be adapted for most home micro computers. David Jefferson explains how it works.

Arthur Humberstone senior animator
Arthur Humberstone was involved with the feature films Animal Farm, The Yellow Submarine, Watership Down and The Plague Dogs. David Jefferson asks him about his approach to animation.

D.I.Y Rostrum
The Filmcraft 80 Rostrum is suitable for 8mm cameras and light 16mm cameras. David Jefferson tells you how to build it.

The housing that Jerry built
Amateur film maker Cohn Pain tells what encouraged him to try his hand at cartoon animation.


Issue 13 now in the magazine library section

Alan Kitching and ANTICS computer animation
In spite of the incredible range of animation effects that can be produced by ANTICS it is described as a Stone Age Machine by it’s inventor Alan Kitching. Ken Clark talks to the man behind the machine and finds out why.

From Mr Man to Bananaman – Flicks Films
Flicks Films Ltd and 101 Productions Ltd are London based animation companies that are owned and run under the same umbrella. Flicks Films produce commercials and 101 Productions make TV series. David Jefferson went along to meet the man behind them, Terry Ward.

Bye! Bye! Biographic Studios
On 22nd March 1985 Biographic Studios closed their doors for the last time. Ken Clark went along to pay his last respects and talk over old times.

Clarence Nash – The Voice of Donald Duck
Clarence Nash, the voice of Donald Duck for over 50 years, died on 20th February 1985 at the age of eighty. We print this interview between Father Robert Murphy and Clarence Nash as a tribute to one of cartoon-lands best known voices.

Bread and Butter Art – history of animated commercials
The profits from animated commercials often support a studio while it works on other productions. Frank Baker looks at the history of the animated commercial.

How animation paint is made
Graham Beeching of Filmpaint explains the art and craft of making animation paint. The article is based on a taped interview conducted by David Jefferson.

Prepare to enter the realm of the imagination
The story of a mortal’s dream struggle with the gods was Paul Hanson’s choice for his first amateur animated film. Three years, 1800 cels and 50 background paintings later he had a 14 minute film.

Experiment with animating abstract shapes
A cel with 10,000 separately coloured segments in an area 9 ins by 7 ins, is just one of many in Red and Blue and Green.


100 Pixar characters drawn to scale

A fascinating panorama of Pixar characters drawn to scale has been produced by graphic artist Juan Pablo Bravo. The silhouette characters are are arranged in a timeline starting with Wally B from the 1984 short film The Adventures of André and Wally B and ending in 2010 with Twitch from Toy Story 3. There is also a filmography listing the characters in the Pixar feature films and the shorts.

The full size picture is 7676 pixels wide, too large to host here, so I will direct you to Juan Pablo Bravo’s Flickr page.

View the full size picture here.


Computer Arts Graduate Showcase 2010 call for entries

The Graduate Showcase is Computer Arts magazines’ annual compilation of the best final-year student design work from around the world. It is now in its 14th year.

If you are a final-year student on graduate design programme then this is your chance to get your work seen by over 20,000 design professionals worldwide. It is a great way to kick-start your design career. Entries can be made in the following categories:

• Animation
• Graphic Design
• Illustration & 2D
• Video & Broadcast
• Web & Interactive Media

The deadline for entries is 11 July 2010.

You can find out more details about entry specifications for each category by downloading the entry form. It is in PDF format.